Cushing's disease in dogs
Understanding Cushing’s Disease in Dogs
Cushing’s disease, also known as hyperadrenocorticism, is a common hormonal disorder in middle-aged and older dogs. It occurs when the body produces too much cortisol, a stress hormone that is essential in small amounts but harmful in excess. Cortisol affects metabolism, immune function, and the body’s response to stress. Therefore, when levels remain too high for too long, it can cause significant health issues.
Signs to Watch For
Many symptoms of Cushing’s can appear gradually, making it easy to mistake them for “just getting older.” Common signs include:
Increased thirst and urination
Increased appetite
Panting more than usual
A pot-bellied appearance
Thinning hair or slow hair regrowth
Thin, fragile skin
Lethargy or reduced activity levels
If you notice several of these changes in your dog, it’s important to book a veterinary check-up.
How It’s Diagnosed
Cushing’s disease can be complex to diagnose. Your veterinarian may recommend blood and urine tests, followed by more specific tests such as the ACTH stimulation test or low-dose dexamethasone suppression test. In some cases, imaging like ultrasound is used to check for changes in the adrenal glands.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Most cases are due to a benign pituitary gland tumour, while others are linked to adrenal gland tumours. Medications such as trilostane are commonly used to help control cortisol levels. Regular monitoring through follow-up blood tests is essential to ensure treatment is effective and safe. In some cases, surgery may be recommended.
Why Early Detection Matters
If left untreated, Cushing’s disease can lead to complications such as diabetes, high blood pressure, kidney issues, and increased risk of infections. With early diagnosis and ongoing management, most dogs can enjoy a good quality of life for many years.
